Most mixed fisheries issues can only be addressed through fleet- or fishery-based advice rather than just through stock-based advice ( STECF, 2003 Vinther et al., 2004). However, the models often address stock-based scenarios and pay insufficient attention to the dynamics and economic performance of fleets. Fisheries systems models aim to deal with uncertainty, not only in the dynamics of stocks and fisheries, but also in monitoring and implementation of management measures. Progress is also made towards better understanding of the implementation processes and fleet compliance, although these are still rarely included in routine modelling. Such models address the whole fisheries management process, including stock assessment and decision-making. A recently emerging trend has been towards wider use of models referred to as management strategy evaluation (MSE IWC, 1993 de la Mare, 1998 Kell et al., 2005 Aranda and Motos, 2006). Given the complexity, there is a need for models that encapsulate key processes to allow evaluation of management scenarios through simulation. The traditional (single-species) biological approach is being supplemented with considerations of fleet economics and dynamics on one hand, and through wider inclusion of measures of uncertainty and errors on the other. The decline of many fish stocks has led to a shift in thinking about how fisheries management might be made more effective. The software is generic and user-friendly, and can be run at several space and time scales. Alternative management scenarios can be compared and evaluated for their bio-economic consequences and robustness to parameter uncertainty. The suite of models behind TEMAS can be thought of as an extension of the traditional ICES forecast model. The software combines a management strategy evaluation framework, using a forward-running operating model and a management procedure with a fleet behaviour module simulating both short-term (effort allocation) and long-term (entry/exit) fleet dynamics. It focuses on mixed fisheries in which several fleets can choose among several fishing activities to target different stocks in one or several areas. TEMAS (technical management measures) is a fleet-based bio-economic software for evaluating management strategies accounting for technical measures and fleet behaviour. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 64: 647–651. TEMAS: fleet-based bio-economic simulation software to evaluate management strategies accounting for fleet behaviour.
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